Museums. Cultural Report

A historical center is essentially a structure saved for the procurement, the board, request, introduction and instructive translation in the point of having logical or customary value.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Museums. Social Report explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The primary target of such historical centers is to empower the cutting edge age to value their individual culture just as history. Much the same as numerous other instructive establishments, a gallery is partitioned into different offices, for example, agribusiness, science and expressions. This assumes a noteworthy job when finding a specific thing in the exhibition hall. Aside from the inner design in an exhibition hall, there are some which will in general kindness protection over instruction and the opposite. This is fundamentally influenced by national administering strategies. There are others which are increasingly particular to the sort of data put away in them. The y incorporate, church exhibition hall, and authentic historical centers, among others (Miller, 1989). The absolute most established historical centers incorporate, Capitoline Museums which ranges from as back as 1471. The second most seasoned exhibition hall is gallery which was set up in 1506. Different changes have been made in order to empower both the researchers and general society to get to these assets. Exhibition hall the executives is led under the administration of top managerial staff as for the National Governing Policies. There are both private and those that are considered as open historical centers. Private galleries are set up and overseen by people or a gathering of speculators while open are overseen by either the legislature or different instructive establishments (Findlen, 1989).Advertising Looking for report on craftsmanship? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Exhibition history is commonly a framework of the historical backdrop of the show. â€Å"It incorporates the name of the host establishment, the title and the opening and shutting of the exhibition† (Forgey, 2004, p.1). This permits simple access to these offices from all amounts. Show configuration is the structure used to show generous displays. Aside from customary 2-D and 3-D structures and modelers, various media, programming plans and editors supplements the presentation of data (Miller, 1989). Nonetheless, these display structures will in general fluctuate with the sort and the administration of historical center. Following showing up at the historical center, a concise presentation of the historical backdrop of the exhibition hall is given out. This might be joined by gifts and flyers for additional explanation. On the off chance that it is a huge gathering, the number is separated and allocated to different coaches who thusly take the understudies to different areas in the exhibition hall. Every presentation is generally joined by a concise history and starting point. This might be orally introduced by the coach or composed at the foundation of the feature. Slide introduction and video introductions are likewise offered to upgrade set out on hypothesis from the pictures (Forgey, 2004). With regards to the worth, there are a few displays that will in general be more important than others. Noteworthy pictures will in general be increasingly liked, when contrasted with different assets in a historical center. This is on the grounds that they are restricted and can't be recovered once they are devastated. Over ages, individuals will in general fortune old things. Similar standards are applied in the gallery the executives where old pictures are loved more than presumably gold. Aside from representations, historical center additionally harbors some living things, contingent upon the kind of museum.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Museums. Social Report explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such living things are typically uncommon and face dangers to get terminated. There are additionally valuable stones which are found in historical centers. Such stones are likewise significant and subsequently are loved in some random exhibition hall. References Findlen, P. (1989). The Museum: its old style historical underpinnings and renaissance ancestry. Diary of the History of Collections, 1(1), 59â€78. Forgey, B. (2004, June 19). At the Building Museum, Concrete Exemplars: FINAL Edition. The Washington Post, p. C.01 Miller, D. (1989, September 13). New gallery blends workmanship, trade: 2 STAR Edition. Houston Chronicle (pre-1997 Fulltext), p. 5. This report on Museums. Social Report was composed and presented by client Braelynn Rose to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Reflection on Refusal of Treatment Free Essays

The reason for this article is to choose an occurrence which happened during clinical arrangement and to examine and think about it so as to improve future practice. To do this, the system of the Marks-Moran and Rose Model of Reflection (1997) will be utilized. Using the four phases of this model, I will depict the occurrence, give an intelligent perception, talk about related hypothesis and finish up with contemplations for any future activities. We will compose a custom article test on Reflection on Refusal of Treatment or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Any patient examined will be given a nom de plume guarantee tolerant secrecy as portrayed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NC) (2010). During an ongoing situation in an Endoscope day unit, I met Mrs. Smith who was going to experience a Gastropod. She had a background marked by indigestion and had been alluded for the strategy as an outpatient however had not gone to her Pre-Admission Clinic arrangement. Upon her appearance, myself and a staff nurture took pattern perceptions and talked with the patient to guarantee that she had fasted from 12 PM which was vital for the system. On exhorting her on sedation, I educated her that she had two alternatives. The primary was a throat splash to numb the neighborhood she could leave very quickly a while later. The second was sedation and absense of pain as Fontanel and Modally which would be given through intravenous aggregation; in any case, she would need to stay with us for a few hours post system. Mrs. Smith started to freeze and turned out to be very angry. She expressed that she had been under the feeling that she would be given a general sedative and would be sleeping the whole time. I clarified that the specialist expected her to be conscious for this strategy and that general sedative was impossible. Mrs. Smith at that point expressed that she was pulling back her agree and wished to leave. The staff nurture who had been watching me quickly assumed control over the discussion and enticed to quiet down the patient. She prompted me to accompany Mrs. Smith to the private seating region that was held for conferences however not to offer her anything to drink; Just on the off chance that she altered her perspective on the Gastropod proceeding. When we were all in security, the medical attendant at that point plunked down and asked Mrs. Smith why she was so frightened. Mrs. Smith expressed that she had known about confusions associated with Stereoscopes and she would prefer not face the challenge. The medical caretaker clarified that the danger of a genuine episode was very uncommon and even under the least favorable conditions, she may experience the ill effects of an irritated throat and gastric swelling a short time later. Mrs. Smith was provided with a data booklet and we permitted her some an opportunity to process the entirety of the data that she had been given and guaranteed her that any inquiries she needed to posture would be replied. A short time later, she expressed that she despite everything would not like to experience the method and that she needed to return home. Now, the medical attendant prompted that she should come back to her primary care physician and educate him that she had not experienced the test. Mrs. Smith was additionally exhorted that she could return sometime in the not too distant future in the event that she so wished and, at that point she left the facility. During my clarification of the method, I felt competent enough to completely clarify what it involved. Be that as it may, when Mrs. Smith started to freeze, I lost a portion of my certainty as this was something that I had not looked previously. In this manner, I felt incapable to quiet Mrs. Smith down as I was inadequate with regards to involvement with this situation. I was satisfied that the attendant going with me took over in a moment. I felt to see this. As I tuned in to the medical caretaker, I noticed the positive thinking showed by the attendant when she taught me not to give refreshments to the patient. At the point when I later scrutinized her on this issue, she revealed to me that she had been similarly situated any occasions previously. Mrs. Smith was equipped enough to practice her entitlement to decline treatment. This is the good and moral right of each patient inasmuch as they are esteemed to have the psychological ability to settle on such a decision (Griffith and Teenage 2012). A clinical expert can't drive a patient to experience a strategy without wanting to. In any case, the professional must examine all treatment alternatives, transfer the right data and permit the patient opportunity to arrive to a free and educated choice (Ellen et al 2012). The term â€Å"Autonomy’ supports the patient’s moral and good option to pick which way of treatment, assuming any, that they will follow. Glibber and Kingston (2012) express that the patients’ self-sufficiency is in the clinician’s hands under pressure of polished methodology and nursing morals, our recommendation and data is answerable for any choice reached. In this occurrence, Mrs. Smith was taken to a private seating territory where a medical caretaker smoothly talked her through the methodology finally, addressing any inquiries and furthermore educated her regarding the factual dangers of a Gastropod which were her greatest concern. By doing this, the medical attendant wowed that she was empathic to the concerns of the patient and furthermore did her most extreme to save understanding secrecy, just as, giving an abundance of data going before the refusal of treatment (Torrance et al 2012). It was clear from the response of Mrs. Smith that she had foreseen treatment under a general sedative at her arrangement. When perusing her notes past to confirmation, I understood that she had not gone to the pre-affirmation center. Had she gone to this past arrangement, she would have been given all the data required for her proposed treatment. She would have been advised completely on sedation, the essentials of the system and numerous different elements reliable with treatment. Claritin et al (2009) portrays pre-affirmation facilities as a need to give the right data and give patients an opportunity to think and overview before introducing at medical clinic for a system. Proof shows that pre-confirmation centers have diminished the occurrences of inability to go to arrangements and that patients are progressively associated with their consideration, which supports a higher pace of recuperation and decreases feelings of anxiety pre-operatively (Mitchell 2008). Knox et al (2009) likewise recommended that the usage if these centers have significantly diminished the occurrences of refusal of treatment because of increasingly exact data being given in a happy with setting at a progressively loosened up time. On the off chance that Mrs. Smith had gone to the pre-affirmation arrangement, she would have been given all the data and had the option to pose any inquiries that she wished. Hence she would have known that she would not be offered a general sedative and a more profound comprehension of the methodology. Along these lines this may have brought about helping Mrs. Smith concerning educated assent. The attendants working inside the facility were all very knowledgeable in the methods and invited any inquiries. When Mrs. Smith started to stress, there was adequate proof close by as a patient data manage just as a learned medical attendant. In an investigation led by Amtrak (201 1), patients were seen as increasingly agreeable when within the sight of an educated attendant. Patients generally speaking reasoned that this gathering to profit by this. Postural et al (2010) recommends that the encounters picked up by medical caretakers in specific territories are advantageous to the expectation to learn and adapt of understudy desires and their insight is a significant apparatus in the creation of a further developed medicinal services framework. On account of Mrs. Smith, the attendant exceptionally instructed around there and had the option to adequately help the patient in settling on a completely educated decision without being absent regarding any realities. Moser et al (2007) portrays this methodology as â€Å"a exceptionally compelling method of accomplishing quiet autonomy’. In this situation, the medical attendant was taking into account Mrs. Smith’s above all else care necessities. During my intelligent perceptions of this involvement with my preparation, I have understood that there is nothing rater than information and experience to help patients with numerous parts of their consideration. On account of Mrs. Smith, the way wherein her inquiries were addressed was prudent and instructive. Be that as it may, the patients’ option to pick was clearly the primary need. Mrs. Smith was never constrained, all data required was close by and provided immediately. The medical caretaker guaranteed that she was able to reject the treatment and exhorted on the best way to continue following the refusal. An undeniable exertion to quiet the patient was made and the security managed by the private seating zone father an immense distinction in permitting her to process all data that she had been given. The medical attendant settled on a prudent choice by encouraging me not to offer refreshments in the event of a choice to continue, be that as it may, this didn't happen. Looking back, I have understood that I have a long and hard street to go before I am fit for the degree of care that I might want to give my patients. I can draw from this experience and I can see that having the right data is an unquestionable requirement while simultaneously monitoring the patients’ emotions and offering them an educated and included decision in their consideration. I have additionally come to comprehend the pertinence and prerequisite for centers, for example, pre-confirmation. These facilities are imperative in diminishing patient tension, guaranteeing that patients have all the right data and completely comprehend their proposed strategy before introducing for treatment. Instructions to refer to Reflection on Refusal of Treatment, Papers

Help Writing Term Paper

Help Writing Term PaperFinding the help writing term papers is a big help if you are too shy to write a report. You can give your report, but then you do not really know how to write a term paper. So, what do you do?That is where help writing term paper comes in. You can find different books for a semester or for several semesters. They all provide you with the help writing term paper. It is good to get this information and practice, because you never know when you need it.One helpful tip I would give you is that when you are creating the paper, when you go over it, you have to look at the beginning of the paper. The beginning is the most important part of the whole paper. You want to make sure that you are making the most of it, in terms of your ideas and your thoughts. You have to make sure that you use the correct grammar and punctuation, and the spelling and the grammar are correct.There are a lot of resources available to you when you are looking for help writing term paper. But some of them are more helpful than others. Some are easy to understand, and they come with tips and tricks. Some of these books have tips on how to improve your writing.A good tip is to look at the online forums. These are usually a bunch of students who are in the same position as you. If you need more help, then you can just ask in one of them.If you do not find help writing term paper online, then try out the help books. There are many resources out there, but a lot of them do not give you enough of the tips you need.There are some people who need guidance, and they can look up the websites or they can ask a friend. In fact, you can also ask the university's office. They might have some suggestions or resources that will help you in the long run.

Rhetorical Analysis Of A Whisper Of Aids - 1261 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Mary Fisher’s â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† In 1992, Mary Fisher gave her speech to the Republican National Convention. During the period of the early 90s, people were aware of AIDS but had a negative viewpoint about the affected by it. The virus was discovered in the early 1980s, it is transmitted through blood and sexual fluids and the first affected populations were, inevitably, both the homosexual and drug addicted people. Because of the recent discovery and the induced panic among the general American population, the eighth AIDS conference, which was supposed to take place in Boston, was moved to Amsterdam. This is due to U.S. immigration restrictions for immigrants with AIDS and HIV. The virus was also declared the†¦show more content†¦Because I was not gay, I was not at risk. Because I did not inject drugs, I was not at risk.† reminding her audience how she thought she was safe because she did not engage in any of the bad behavior that the audience had in mind was associated with the virus. She wants her audience to understand that absolutely anyone can get AIDS. She also shows deductive logic, presented in the form of a syllogism. Fisher tells us how she is a white heterosexual human from an affluent family and still got infected, appealing to her immediate audience, the republicans. As she stresses that, â€Å"[†¦AIDS] does not ask whether you are black of white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old.† She uses this as a premise, that the disease does not pick and choose its victims. Her other premise or warrant is that she is carrying this disease, as she mentions in the beginning of her speech, â€Å"I would never have asked to be HIV positive[†¦]† and her sub-claim is that she got infected and so can anyone else. The delegates should arrive to the conclusion that anyone, even them, can get infected with HIV. Mary Fisher also wants her immediate audience to change their negative perspective toward the disease. She wants them to let the affected speak about AIDS and HIV and not ignore them. She is claiming that the rest of the nation has made the affected be fearful, with the words, â€Å"You are HIV positive, but dare not say it. You have lost loved ones, but you dare not whisper the word AIDS. You weepShow MoreRelatedA Whisper of Aids Rhetorical Analysis Paper795 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2012 Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† In 1891, Voltairine de Cleyre wrote The Philosophy of Selfishness and Metaphysical Ethics, critiquing the selfish and egoistic mindset of society. This same mindset is critiqued by Mary Fisher in â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. She uses rationally emotional rhetoric in order to criticize this â€Å"self-ism† that exists in the world. Fisher begins by speaking of the non-existent impacts of movements that have attempted to raise awareness about AIDS. She utilizesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Mary Fisher s A Whisper Of Aids 869 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude Logos and Pathos. Logos is the actual evidence and argument whereas pathos is the speakers appeal to the audience’s emotions. In Mary Fisher’s 1992 Republican National Convention Address also known as â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† Fisher speaks to America about the seriousness of HIV and AIDS. Fisher uses both logos and pathos to appeal to the audience. She urges America to take action by using evidence and experiences to promote emotions and certain attitudes to her audience. Direct proofs are tangibleRead MoreMary Fisher: the Struggle to Inform1223 Words   |  5 PagesTechnical Institute (Online Division) â€Å"A life lived in fear, Is a life half lived.† (Slaughter, 2010) AIDS is a worldwide epidemic that has affected and is affecting millions of people. Even though it was not discovered until 1982 many stereotypes have come along with it. Mary Fisher is an AIDS community member and is not afraid to stand up and say so. Defending and helping those with HIV/AIDS and helping them spread the word instead of keeping silent. In 1991 she found out that she had contractedRead MoreA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1774 Words   |  8 Pages She spreads awareness of the outbreak through the use of speeches, campaigns, and volunteer opportunities. Her most famous speech, which defined her as a political icon, was titled â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. The speech was delivered at the Republican National Convention, on August 19, 1992, in Houston, Texas. The AIDS rife entered the United States in 1989 and was most common among homosexual men, or African Americans, but began to represent a growing threat to women by 1992. However, citizens of AmericaRead MoreIndi an Nationalism Concealed as Yearning Reminiscence: Rohinton Mistrys Narrative 830 Words   |  3 Pagesnationalism upon the reader. Rather, he shares experiences of his journey to divulge the subdued whisper of the essay in a manner that even he is not fully aware of. He produces regular imagery such that reader can visualise all the events and get attracted towards the speaker. Hence, the power of rhetorical analysis lies in the text is shown as an evidence of an analytical assert and tried to aim throughout this analysis. Mistry opens his essay with a description of the spiritual leader Dalai Lama andRead More Existentialism In Grendel Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesheroic universe, where every action is imbued with purpose and power. Indeed, the book raises many philosophical questions in regards to the meaning of life as well as to the way humans define themselves. Additionally, Gardner portrays continual analysis, and final approval, of existentialist viewpoints as one observes that the main character, Grendel, is an existentialist. After having thoroughly read the book, there is no doubt that Grendel shows proof of support in existentialism. TheRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of President Kennedy s Inaugural Speech2018 Words   |  9 PagesWhat rhetorical features does President Kennedy use to achieve his desired purpose? Introduction Politicians often use language to both persuade and imperceptibly control the opinions/decisions of their audience: whether it is to gain their support, to present their point, or implant their principles. It is of utmost importance to them to do this subtly, in order to not come across as too aggressive, intimidating or manipulative. As a result, the politician has to use language that is relatableRead MoreArt of Public Speaking5805 Words   |  24 Pageshave the challenges of audience analysis and adaptation. The revised version of Chapter 5 reflects that fact in several ways. First, it grounds the process of audience analysis and adaption in the concept of identification. As with several other changes in the book, this change makes explicit a theoretical orientation that had been implicit in previous editions. Second, Chapter 5 contains a new section on sexual orientation as a factor in demographic audience analysis. Third, I have reworked theRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 Pages37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt toRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 PagesAppeal 37 3.3. Relational Aspects of Advertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt to

Oedipus the King The Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Essay

Fate chose him to kill his dad, marry his mom, and discover it all in Oedipus Rex, Sophocles’ tragedy. Oedipus was so determined to save Thebes from the plague bestowed on them by Apollo. But little did he know that he was the source of it all. His constant reversal of fortune, neutrality, and suffering make him the perfect example of a classic Greek tragic hero. One moment, Oedipus is brimming with hope; the next, he’s sure that he is the killer of his father, King Laius. Every time Oedipus thinks that it can’t possibly be him, evidence proves otherwise. His wife, Jocasta, attempts to prove his innocence but â€Å"lets out part of the dire secret by her allusion to the ‘triple crossroads’† (Haigh). By attempting to assist Oedipus, she†¦show more content†¦When he first speaks to the citizens of Thebes, he shows a side of himself that cares about the city and its people. â€Å"†¦my spirit / Groans for the city, for myself, for y ou†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I. Prologue. 65-66), says Oedipus. He shows that he really does want what’s best for everyone. But then, he goes and insults the psychic, Teiresias, when Teiresias tells him that he is King Laius’ killer and the source of the plague. Says Oedipus, â€Å"You sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man!† (I. 1. 356). He refuses to believe that he is the source of his peoples’ troubles. As one A.E. Haigh said, â€Å"[Oedipus] catches at each hint, and pursues each clue, with a light and cheerful heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But unfortunately, he doesn’t stay so light and cheerful. He shows all sides of himself throughout the story, which really helps the reader stay intrigued with Oedipus and the story as a whole. Suffering is the most evident and powerful piece of Oedipus as the tragic hero in the story, particularly near the end. And there’s a unique aspect of the suffering in Oedipus Rex that is worth mentioning: What makes the Oedipus story different from most of the other Greek myths is that there seems to be no reason why so many terrible accidents happened, not only to him, but to his parents, grandparents, and other ancestors (Costas). For instance, Oedipus’ daughters will have big problems leading normal lives after all the things that have happened to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Flaws Of Oedipus The King1352 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome their greatest weaknesses. Their strongest traits can turn into their tragic flaws. A tragic flaw is a trait viewed as being favorable to a character at first, but it leads to their later downfall. It was often used in ancient Greek tragedies to show that mankind was susceptible to flaw. This was present in Sophocles s tragedy, Oedipus the King. The protagonist of the tragedy, Oedipus, was not exempt from his own flaws. Oedipus’s traits of excessive pride and desire for knowing the truth wereRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Oedipus The King1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Unfortunate Fate of a Tragic Flaw An individual’s strengths can eventually become their greatest weaknesses. A tragic flaw is a trait viewed as being favorable to a character at first, but it leads to their later downfall. It was often used in ancient Greek tragedies to show that mankind was susceptible to flaw. This was present in Sophocles s tragedy, Oedipus the King. The protagonist of the tragedy,Oedipus, was not exempt from his own flaws. Oedipus’s traits of excessive pride and desireRead MoreEssay on Tragic Flaws in Oedipus the King3561 Words   |  15 PagesOedipus the King, Sophocles’ classical Greek tragedy, presents tragic flaw(s) as the cause of   the near-total destruction of the life of the protagonist. This essay examines that flaw. In his essay â€Å"Sophoclean Tragedy† Friedrich Nietzsche agrees that there is an â€Å"error† within the protagonist, but refrains from specifying exactly what it is: The most pathetic figure of the Greek theatre, the unfortunate Oedipus, Sophocles takes to be a noble man called to error and alienation in spite ofRead More tragoed Essay on the Tragic Flaws of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)696 Words   |  3 Pages The Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Rex nbsp; At one time in our lives there is a moment that we may think of ourselves as better than someone or something else. There may also be a point when making a decision leads to a great error in judgment. In the play Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, both of these characteristics can be seen in the main character. These characteristics are known as tragic flaws. These flaws are known as hubris meaning excess pride, leading to overconfidence, and hamartiaRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1094 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles to accept the truth and lets his temper over power him. He can be displayed as a tragic hero. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ down fall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursedRead MoreOedipus Rex : The Tragic Hero735 Words   |  3 Pagesa hero must possess a tragic flaw that leads to his or her ruin. An example that backs up this argument is Sophocles’s tragedian play, Oedipus Rex, in which its protagonist was a victim of such fatal flaws that caused ruination in his life. In this case, Oedipus tragic flaws were both his anger and his pride. Furthermore, the fate that Oedipus suffered because of such flaws not only caused his downfall, but also the death of those he cherished. The tragic flaws that Oedipus possessed made fate andRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Oedipus The King1518 Words   |  7 Pagesaudiences so well. A tragic hero plays the most essential role in this. Tragic heroes can be defined differently for whoever is trying to force a character into the tragic hero mold. However Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, established an outline of th e requirements a tragic hero has to meet in order to be considered one. These requirements include a downfall, a hamartia, and recognition of said tragic hero’s condition. Oedipus, the protagonist of Sophocles’ play Oedipus The King fits the mold.Read MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Oedipus Rex In Shakespeare’s work Othello: The Moor of Venice, Othello’s over trusting nature was revealed when his trust in false accusations about his wife Desdemona’s unfaithfulness causes him to kill her and himself, conveying Othello as a tragic hero. Oedipus, the main character in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. Oedipus Rex and Othello share aRead MoreEssay on Oedipus: The Reign of a Tragic Hero1266 Words   |  6 PagesWithout knowing what Greek theater was all about, how can someone expect to truly understand a tragic play and the history it comes with? The history behind the character of Oedipus, in the play Oedipus the King, is very complicated. His intricate past dealing with prophecies, family members, and murder is the main focus of the story. There are many characteristics that complete Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; th ese being the presence of hamartia and peripeteia, a sense of self-awareness, theRead MoreRole of Gods and Goddesses in Homers Iliad845 Words   |  4 Pages His famous connection between pity and fear and catharsis developed into one of Western philosophys greatest questions: why is it that people are drawn to watching tragic heroes suffer horrible fates? Aristotles ideas revolve around three crucial effects: First, the audience develops an emotional attachment to the tragic hero; second, the audience fears what may befall the hero; and finally (after misfortune strikes) the audience pities the suffering hero. Through these attachments the individual

HR Functions in Organization-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: You are required to prepare a research paper which critically analyses how technology specifically HRIS is being utilised in two HR functions in an Organization. Answer: Introduction Human resource management information system (HRIS) refers to integrated information system by use of a human resource software to effectively manage employees and internal affairs of the human resource department (Al-Azzam, 2015). The HRIS system improves efficiency, collects information, and facilitates work flow in the human resource management department. The HRIS system is involved in the following functions in the human resource management department; reporting, performance management, time attendance, workflow communication, benefit management, demographics compensation and applicant tracking. A comprehensive HRIS system contain the following components; database, time labour management, payroll function, benefits, employee interface and recruitment and retention. These components enable the centralization and ease management of employees data. The following report analyses two HRIS system functions that are payroll and recruitment a case study of KS Corporation human resource department in Australia. The report will involve study of how HRIS systems are used in payroll and recruitment functions in organizations and how KS Corporation are utilizing it in the human resource department. The discussion will focus on truck drivers as employees of KS Company. Company Information Kain and Shelton (KS) was started in 1945. The company specializes in providing transport services of cargo around Australia and New Zealand. The company started by supporting Victorian and Mt Gambier based business. The company has expanded in the past 60years to serve customers around Australia and New Zealand. KS Corporation is a public traded company listed in Australian stock exchange. K S had revenue of AU$ 688.8 million in for 2015-2016 financial yr (Ksgroup.com.au, 2017). The company has the following subsidiaries; DTM, Regal Heavy, Scott Corp, Aero Refuellers, KS Bulk, KS NZ, KS Freighters. The company has a total of 2221 employees. The company also has 4050 vehicles and trailers. The KS has dedicated human resource management department that attracts and retains employees. The K S HR department has a competitive strategy that is based on continuous improvements through training and development. The HR department is also committed to excellent employees facilities, safety, and compensating competitive wages. Uses HRIS by organization Organizations utilize HRIS to improve reliability, accessibility, and accuracy in the human resource department. The following section contains a review of how organizations are utilizing HRIS in payroll functions and recruitment functions in the HR department. Utilization of HRIS in recruiting function Poutanen and Puhakka (2010) stated that online recruiting was being adopted by companies as a primary method by the human resource department to get potential people to apply for positions in the organization. He also recorded that online recruitment enabled organization to reach more potential candidates, was cheaper and most effective to acquire best talents in the labour market. Organizations use HRIS in the HR department in the recruitment function in the following way; First, organizations are using HRIT systems to identify potential applicants. The organizations use online requiting system to attract potential candidates (Hussain, Wallace and Cornelius, 2007). These candidates fill their details on the recruitment forms available online. The HR department then use the data filled by applicants to identify potential candidates who are available in the labour market. This function of the recruiting system saves the HR department resources that would otherwise would be used to scout for potential candidates in labour market. Secondly, the HRIS system enables the HR department to analyze personnel. The recruiting system enable the depart sort, analyze, and evaluate personnel in terms of education qualifications and experience. Candidates fill their data and the system automatically analyses the data the HR department to make informed decisions. The online recruitment system is able to arrange candidates in order of their education level, years of experience, and gender (Zafar, 2013). Thirdly, organizations utilize HRIS system in the selection of potential candidates. The HR department is able to select the desirable candidates from the applications submitted online. The selection involves picking the most appropriate in the process hiring. The selection of appropriate candidates enables the HR department through a recruiting system is reliable, fast and more accurate than face to face selection. Organizations also use HRIS systems in the recruiting function to conduct interviews. Potential candidates requested to take job tests or aptitude tests online in the process of applying for a vacancy (Flamholtz, 2009). The recruiting system assesses the candidate abilities and accept application if the candidates meets the minimum score. Interviews online are convenient to candidates who are far from the company premises. Online interviews also save resources and time for the HR department that could otherwise be used to hire a recruiting firm to conduct interview. Lastly, organizations are using HRIS system in the recruiting function to capture and store employees data. The recruiting system stores the candidates curriculum vitae and career objectives. This information is important to the HR department when promoting or appraising an employee. Utilization of HRIS systems in Payrolls Function in Organizations Organizations are using HRIS system in the HR department in the payroll function in the following ways; First, the organizations are using HRIS system in the payroll function to calculate an employee time and attendance. The HRIS system payroll function is utilized by organizations to check the hours that an employee has worked within a specified period of time (Chen, 2014). This enables the organization to gather important information about employment of the human resource in the production department. Secondly, organizations use the HRIS payroll function to calculate deductions and taxes. The payroll function in the HRIS system is able to arithmetically calculate deductions and taxes in the employees salary. This function enhances accuracy about the transactions undertaken in arriving to net salary of an employee. The payroll function is also able to produce employees tax reports that are requirements by the government. Thirdly, organizations are using HRIS system in the payroll function to generate pay cheques. The payroll function in the HRIS system is automated and is able to generate employees pay cheques timely an accurately (Buzkan, 2016). The automation also allows the HR department to automatically deposit salary to employees respective accounts from the system. Lastly, organizations utilize the HRIS system payroll function to produce payroll reports. The payroll reports are important to the management of the organization for making informed decisions. How KS is utilizing HRIS systems KS Corporation has integrated information system in the HR department to enable execution of the HR functions in the organization. The following are way through which KS is using technology in the HR department to manage truck drivers; Recruitment KS use the HRIS systems in the recruitment function to take applications and induce potential employees. The company HR depart dispatches recruitment application form that potential employee use to express their interest in working as a driver. The forms are then assessed by the HR department who then call qualifying candidates for interviews. Secondly, KS uses the integrated human resource information system to induce drivers before taking their roles in the company. The truck drivers are oriented on issues concerning their safety in the company, government regulations, company policies, and the employees right. Future opportunities in the KS HRIS recruitment function; Selecting appropriate candidates Analyzing and evaluating candidates Payroll functions The KS HR department uses the payroll function of the HRIS system to check hours worked, calculate taxes, and generate pay cheques. The HR department payroll system shows how many hours a truck driver has worked in a day and in a month that is used to calculate salary and other allowances. The HR department also uses the payroll function to calculate deducting relating to individual employees regards banks loans, retirement benefits, insurance covers and taxes. The payroll system also is used to produce drivers pay cheques that are used for depositing salaries in their bank accounts. Future opportunities in KS HRIS payroll function; Automatic deposit of salaries to drivers accounts. Generating tax reports Producing payroll reports. Conclusion HRIS systems have been highly adopted by organizations to assist in different human resource functions. The HRIS system enables organizations to capture, analyze, and use data of employees to make informed decisions. HRIS recruitment function has changed how companies attract, select, and appoint potential employees to be absorbed in the company workforce. Organizations are able reach more potential candidates and select appropriate employees for their company. This has increased the ability of organizations to acquire highly qualified employees. HRIS payroll function has also enhanced accuracy and reduced time spent in calculating and generating payrolls. KS HR department has adopted some of the recruitment and payroll HRIS functions that has improved accuracy, accessibility and reduced amount of resources usage in executing HR functions. The Company has future opportunities in the HRIS system that can enable more integration of the HR functions in the organization. References Al-Azzam, Z. (2015). The Effect of Information System's on Quality Performance of Human Resource Management Functions Through Using Human Resource Information Systems in Banking Industry of Jordan. SSRN Electronic Journal. Buzkan, H. (2016). The Role of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in Organizations: A Review of Literature. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Chen, W. (2014). A Framework for Human Resource Information Systems Based on Data Streams. International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 7(3), pp.177-186. Flamholtz, E. (2009). Human Resource Accounting. Boston, MA: Springer US. Hussain, Z., Wallace, J. and Cornelius, N. (2007). The use and impact of human resource information systems on human resource management professionals. Information Management, 44(1), pp.74-89. Ksgroup.com.au. (2017). - KS Corporation Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.ksgroup.com.au/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Ksgroup.com.au. (2017). Career Opportunities - KS Corporation Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.ksgroup.com.au/jobs.html [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Poutanen, H. and Puhakka, V. (2010). The Many Sides of Human Resource Information Systems. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 6(4), pp.1-13. Zafar, H. (2013). Human resource information systems: Information security concerns for organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.105-113.

Movie Analysis free essay sample

Cinderella was very patient and kind. She seemed very resilient to any form of trauma or abuse she may have suffered. She was very obedient. Despite hating the way her stepmother and stepsisters treated her, she still obeyed. She did a ridiculous amount of work and never complained! Humanistic Approach In Cinderella’s earliest childhood she had the company of both of her parents. It seemed that she was very loved which may serve as an example for the love that she shows for animals and even her step-family. There is a scene in the movie, where she is with her father enjoying the garden fountain. Life scenes like this show that Cinderella was right on target for a life-trajectory that includes self-actualization and other humanistic life goals. After Cinderella’s parents died, she lived with her step-family and treated like a slave in her own house. This is an example of our natural predisposition parents have to protect their own biological children. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Humanistic approach is more based on free-will. Considering Cinderella’s gifts, she also demonstrates creative talent. When she first learned of the ball, she quickly realized she needed to make herself a gown. With a design book in hand, she seemed to have an inspired peak experience (Tardy amp; Snyder, 2004) as she easily adapted her own design with limited materials available to her. This talent would be of special interest from a humanistic perspective because her creativity may be partially based on her parents’ child-rearing approach as proposed by Carl Rogers’s constructive creativity (Harrington et al. , 1987). Her determination to create can be seen as a humanistically described personality feature based on inner motivations and self-fulfillment. . From a humanistic perspective, while the step-family may have had the potential to damage Cinderella’s personal growth, she established a healthy social circle of animals and birds that seemed to provide absolute love and support to her. Furthermore, since Cinderella’s modest bedroom had a clear view of the kingdom’s castle; she grew up with a visual cue that may have provided her with higher level inspirations. Biological Approach From the biological perspective, it is quite likely that Cinderella’s first years of life were in a nurturing environment, which allowed her brain to develop normally. John Bowlby described a baby’s need for the mother’s love and physical presence as being comparable in importance to the child’s hunger for food; he also said that the mother’s love is as important to psychological health as are vitamins and protein to physical health (MacDonald, 2001). This would describe a healthy parent-child attachment that it is suspected to have been present in Cinderella’s earliest years. Also, because infant brain development theories state that personality becomes largely secure after the peak of synaptic connections, Cinderella’s personality may have been almost entirely formed by the time her environment crumbled with the death of her mother followed by the death of her father. According to the biological perspective, Cinderella already had what she needed from her parents when they passed away. This would decrease any implication of her difficult step-family and lack of resources on resulting personality development. Based on how Cinderella interacts with the birds, animals, her step-family, her fairy godmother, the King’s assistants and the prince she also seems to demonstrate the personality trait of extraversion which has been linked to biological factors. (Ando et al. , 2006; Wacker et al. , 2006) Biological approach is more deterministic, based on biological factors. Cinderella is shown singing and dancing in the movie, which shows her patience despite her step family’s harsh demands. Biology can explain her positive personality. As Cinderella matured, from a biological perspective, it is important that she did not experience any poisonings or neurological disorders such as Snow White did via the poison apple and the coma it induced. She also does not seem to have any substance abuse issues or addictions which have been shown to have a biological link (Eysenck, 1997). There were no signs of anything physical in the environment of her health that would propose a change in trajectory from birth to childhood. When the prince chased Cinderella and found her lone glass slipper, this may have increased his biological interest in her because small foot size has been associated with female attractiveness (Fessler et al. , 2005). After rushing out of the ball in time to not miss her deadline, Cinderella reflects on her night in the forest with her animal friends, she was grateful for the experience she had rather than feeling upset that the night was over. This is a biological characteristic for Cinderella. Conclusion Even though the humanistic and biological approaches seem to contradict each other, sometimes they can be complimentary. While the deterministic nature of the biological approach can seem sometimes, miserable, in the story of Cinderella, it is seen as enriching. She is biologically talented. For the humanistic approach, Cinderella has pure nature and positiveness in the story, this shows that her life is relevant and an illustration of humanistic goals. Both of these approaches can explain Cinderella’s positive life results pretty well.

Slang and shortened words are too casual and vague to others

Slang and shortened words are too casual and vague to others Hashtag: #RuinAFriendShipin5Words Social Media Words and Phrases in the Academic World Slang and Shortened Words are Too Casual and Vague to Others Slang words like â€Å"cops† and â€Å"pigs†, phrases similar to â€Å"It’s cool†, and shortened words such as texting terms (â€Å"r u†, â€Å"2moro†, etc.) are never tolerated in the academic sphere. One good reason is that readers of academic papers are not limited to natives, but include individuals from different ethnic groups who do not understand English slang words. Another is the fact that slang words are too informal for scholarly works that are mostly intended for a critical and educated audience. Shortened words, on the other hand, are usually texting terms that are rarely used in the academic sphere and may be misinterpreted by some readers. Identifying somebody from Asia using the phrase â€Å"that Oriental man† is offensive and humiliating to that particular person. Similarly, calling or labeling a black person â€Å"Nigger† is a mockery of his ethnicity. Moreover, they signify racial discrimination, a humanitarian issue that the academic world strongly opposed. People commonly use the word â€Å"retard† as a more sarcastic substitute for the word â€Å"stupid†. â€Å"Retard† is, in reality, a hate speech and oral transgression generally aimed to make somebody with mental and developmental disabilities feel bad. The word â€Å"retard† according to one study is scary and hurtful to those with intellectual problems. The affected individual often feels bitterness and often becomes aloof and socially isolated. Derogatory, Discriminatory, and Rude Words Offend People Insulting and discriminatory words hurt people’s feelings and dignity as human beings and therefore unacceptable in the academic world. The word â€Å"toilet† may be all right for other people, but it is insulting to an older generation. Similarly, words such as â€Å"wuss† or a weakling, â€Å"derp† or foolish and popular phrases like â€Å"That’s so gay† and â€Å"Don’t be a girl† have a huge emotional impact on people. A college in the United Kingdom banned the words â€Å"history†, â€Å"lady†, â€Å"mad†, â€Å"crazy†, and â€Å"slaving† because they are offensive to different people. These insulting words according to this institution offend women, ethnic groups, homosexuals, and upset those with mental illness. The phrase â€Å"taking the Mickey† is considered Anti-Irish and therefore racially offensive. The phrase â€Å"Go to hell† that most people frequently hear on TV is cruel and severely degrade someone’s dignity. Similarly, swear or rude words like â€Å"damn†, â€Å"scumbag†, â€Å"cripple†, and other dirty or obscene language hurts people’s feelings and dignity. These foul languages are somewhat comparable to Twitter users phrases that are offensive enough to #RuinAFriendShipin5Words such as â€Å"Dude, your sister is hot†, â€Å"I don’t like infected mushrooms†, or â€Å"Wow your baby is dumb† Ethics is the main reason for restricting these offensive and derogatory words. The academic world is against any form of marginalization, bias, narrow-mindedness, and stereotyping. The other reason is practical. For example, the meaning of incomplete words is often difficult to comprehend and therefore likely to be misunderstood and interpreted differently by readers. Words that are not inclusive can personally affect some readers while others, thinking that such words are inapplicable to their circumstances, disregard them at once.

Ahhh...The Test

Do you ever feel sweat coming from your hands? If you say yes, I bet I know why your hands are sweating†¦ it’s the test, isn’t it? I know it’s creepy, but here are ways to help you get good grades on everything you get. You don’t cheat, you practice, and you let your brain do the work, these are the advice I would give you, if you follow them, I hope that you should get a higher grade on your test. The following paragraphs will show you why you should follow my advices. My first advice is you don’t cheat. For example if you cheat, it’s called cheating, and that won’t help you pass the test, you might pass it, but what is it worth for? You will not understand anything they teach you, so re you cheating them, or are you really cheating yourself? Cheating is bad, because once in a while you’ll get caught by the teacher. Another advice is you practice. For example if you practice you’ll get smarter. And then you can do the test like it is a piece of cake. Have you ever heard the phrase â€Å"Practice makes perfect†? Well believe in that phrase. It has proved very useful. I strongly believe in that phrase, because if you keep practicing, you will eventually find what kind of mistakes your making, and then you’ll learn to avoid all those mistakes. The last advice is you let your brain do the work. For example since you’ve practiced so hard for it, relax, I mean be nervous a little, but don’t worry too much, relax and have faith in yourself, say this in your head â€Å"I’m going to ace this test!†. Your brain will speed through the questions as if they were nothing much than a bug. In conclusion don’t cheat, because it’s going to get you nowhere.(except maybe the principle’s office.) Practice, Practice, Practice, because if you don’t you’ll regret it. And let your brain do all the work, because your brain has all the facts you need. Follow these advices, and there will be unlimited possibilities for your future. TRUST ME, when I used all these methods, I got the highest score on the 5th grade math test. And remember this is a secret between you and me†¦ don’t tell a soul. Good luck on your test†¦ oh wait, you don’t need luck you have skills on your side, so go ace that test!

Employability Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employability Skills - Assignment Example According to Arthur (2012), every store has a store manager so do Flagship store. It is the responsibility of the store manager to see that the store achieves its target and earns profit. It is his duty to see that the image of the store is maintained throughout the time. Store should be attractive enough in designing. He should see that the stock is available all the time in the store as this is the main retail outlet. A store manager should be aware of all the products because if any problem occurs about the description of the product, then the customer will ask the manager only. Quality assurance is also the responsibility of the store manager as he should see that there are no expired products as this may ruin stores image. The flagship store has been set up new. Previously, company use to sell through online and it was big success. The sell which use to take place through online can’t be compared to the retail store as it is new and it has not created brand name yet. Avai lability of the product can be an issue as it may happen that transportation of products from the factory to the store has not been fixed and so the product shortage takes place frequently. It may happen that products which are available online are not available in the store as transportation is again the issue. Proper precautions have to take regarding fabrics as it can be out of fashion and still lying in the store which affects the brand image. Quality of fabrics has to be maintained as it can get dirty or spoiled due to negligence. A store cannot keep all the stocks as it is available in online because online store purchasing doesn’t need storage, order is directly packaged from the factory itself but products in the outlet needs storage with proper maintenance. There are many flaws and effectiveness in the set up of main outlet which will be rectified slowly as this is time

BUSN 300 Unit 3 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSN 300 Unit 3 IP - Research Paper Example It will also help the company to generate some additional revenues. This will provide a significant chance to the company to gain some market share in the app as well as cell phone market. Hence this plan of action could be treated as single. Although Exxon has made certain commitments towards the environment, but off late the company has put some of their initiatives related to environmental concerns on hold. These mainly due to the fact that, people are looking to relate the big oil disaster to the events in Florida. Te Company is now focusing on the safety concerns related to drilling. Keeping the importance of safety concern in mind it is advised that the company should not stop focusing on the environmental impacts. A campaign focusing on successful projects of the company punctuated with the environmental concerns may actually benefit the company. Hence this could be considered as low hanging fruit. This may build an image in the mind of the consumers leading to the long term success as it would position Exxon has a socially responsible company. For a number of years Best Western is no longer known as the high end hotels. Rather the consumers perceive them as a unit that runs hotels that are franchised. The course on concern would be that there are some franchisees, which are doing just about great. However, there are examples of those who are awful to say the least. Companies are most of things are right when it comes to motivating the franchisees. Due to such massive gaps in service quality the company is facing tremendous problems related to consistency. Hence it is suggested that the company starts encouraging and rewarding customers for putting up pictures of their favorite Best West hotel. This will increase company good will. It will also act as a customer engagement mechanism. Some of the probable platforms of running such a campaign could be Pinterest, Twitter, Instagram and of course the big daddy of them all so to speak,

China :: essays research papers

China is a Communist Republic government. This means that the government regulates, sets rules, and runs most business in China. However, the increase in a worldwide economy around the middle of the 20th century caused China to evaluate their government and decide that something must be done to stimulate the Chinese economy and bring entrepreneurs to China otherwise they will be left behind in the forever-growing global economy. In fact, China has changing a lot from the past 30 years, and we can really tell the change. China is a great capitalism country now. That means, the government is controlling everything. However, with the change of the Chinese government, they become more flexible than before. This way can helping at the economy grow, and improve people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. We can see from the videos that there are more and more building, shops, and bars build in the cities of China. If you go to visit about 30 years ago, you may not see these views.  ¡Ã‚ §China is improving step by step, ¡Ã‚ ¨ one man said from the video. However, as the report shows, there are too many building now in China, and there are not many people who want and can afford to buy the buildings. That may loose the original purpose of this idea. Deng Xiaoping, the leader of China disbands communes who had already died, allowing farmers to freely sell their products and introduces profit incentives for factories. It is called  ¡Ã‚ §Socialism with Chinese characteristics ¡Ã‚ ¨ - a wonder of rhetoric. From there, many of the farmers start to sell their lands, and move to the big cities like Beijing, or open shops instead of farm. Under Jiang Zemin ¡Ã‚ ¦s leadership who is the leader after Deng Xiaoping ¡Ã‚ ¦s dead, the 15th Party Congress reveals its plan to sell most state-owned industries. It becomes privatize. In the coming years, tens of million of workers will be laid off; with no social protection is sight. Now, is this still socialism, no it ¡Ã‚ ¦s the raw capitalism. For the average Chinese, it might be the worst of both worlds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people will put the Confucianism into the discussion of the capitalism. Chinese people called this combine idea as Internalism. Capitalism for China is to centralize all of the Chinese market, and use Confucianism into the modernity idea. It can help the developing of the economy and the growth of the production. In other words, they are just using Confucianism ¡Ã‚ ¦s united idea and thinking to look at the capitalism.

Eymp 1

EYMP 1: Context and Principles for Early Years Provision 1. 1 Explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early year’s frameworks and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings. Children deserve and need the best possible start in their lives in order for them to fulfil their full potential in their learning and development (Terry, 2009). A happy, healthy and supportive childhood will help children to achieve the best that they possibly can (Smeyers and Wring, 2007).In 2003 the Laming Report was written following a very serious case of child abuse involving a girl called Victoria Climbie who was physically abused by her great aunt and another adult male. The abuse was so bad, a doctor involved in Victoria’s post mortem stated that â€Å"there really is not anywhere that is spared – there is scarring all over the body. † The report then goes on to explain how the local authorities involved in the care of this young girl were to blame for her death, as there was evidence of deliberate harm and nothing was done. Similar essay: Approaches to Promoting Wellbeing and ResilienceThe local social services department dealing with her case closed it on the day that she died. Following the Laming Report the government green paper was written in 2003 ‘Every Child Matters’ (ECM). The aims of this were to reduce the occurrences of education failure, ill health, abuse and neglect, teenage pregnancy, substance misuse and crime and anti-social behaviour among children and young people. It also gave children a voice and allowed them to decide what they want by creating the five outcomes, which are: * Being healthy Staying safe * Enjoying and achieving * Making a positive contribution * Economic well-being The Children Act 2004 enabled the ‘Every Child Matters’ to be established and was written next in order to provide the legislative spine on which the reform of children’s services is based. ‘It aims to improve and integrate children’s services, promote early in tervention, provide strong leadership and bring together different professionals in multi-disciplinary teams in order achieve positive outcomes for children and young people and their families. (Surrey County Council, 2004) Next came the Childcare Act 2006 which gave a new role to local authorities in the improvement of the ‘Every Child Matters’ outcomes, providing childcare for working parents and providing parental information services (DoE, 2012). This act also introduced the inspection of childcare premises and the registration of childcare workers as a must (OFSTED, 2012). This was then, when the implementation of the EYFS came into play.The ‘Early Years Foundation Stage’ was brought in to achieve the five ECM outcomes and it did this by: * Setting the standards for learning and care received in child care settings * Providing for equality of opportunity and ensuring that all practice is anti-discriminatory and all children are included in activities d espite culture, race, religion and gender * Working in partnership with parents and also maintaining multi-agency working to ensure the best possible education and care for children * Improving quality and consistency to give all child care settings a universal set of standards that must be followed and also giving the right to have all settings inspected * Laying a secure foundation for each child’s future learning and development to be planned around the child’s individual needs and interests† (DfCSF, 2008)There are six areas that are covered by the EYFS and they must all be taken in to account as they are very important in each child’s development. These areas are: * Personal, social and emotional development * Communication, language and literacy * Problem-solving, reasoning and numeracy * Knowledge and understanding of the world * Physical development * Creative development (Meggitt et al, 2011) The 4 themes of the EYFS highlight how we can help child ren to develop and learn and enjoy their childhood, these are: * A unique child- this looks at all children being competent learners and having their own unique ways in which they like to learn and explore. Children should be encouraged to be esilient, capable, confident and self-assured in order to be competent learners from birth. * Child Development- babies and children are all different and therefore have different ways in which they learn best. Children also learn at different rates and some need extra support. This looks at all areas of development including social, emotional, physical, cognitive and spiritual. * Inclusive practice- this is very important to allow children to feel that the diversity of their families and communities is respected and that no children are discriminated against. * Keeping Safe- the vulnerability of young children need to be protected to enable them to develop resilience.This can be done by the adults that care for them protecting their physical a nd psychological well-being. * Health and wellbeing- a child’s health is a fundamental part of their social, emotional, environmental and spiritual well-being. All of these areas contribute to and highlight the aims and the role that EYFS plays in the development and learning of all children in early years settings. As childcare professionals we must use all of the resources within the EYFS in our daily practice, including using it when planning, when observing children and linking what we see to aspects of the EYFS, to develop policies and procedures within our setting, to update our childcare practice and to reflect on our current practice. 1. Explain how different approaches to work with children in the early years have influenced current provision in the UK. In the past there have been people that have had theories that relate to child development and learning of children in childcare settings; these people are known as educational pioneers and are well respected as their theories have changed childcare for the better (Meggitt et al, 2011). â€Å"Friedrich Froebel  (1782-1852), the great German educator, is famous pre-eminently for his radical insight that the first learning experiences of the very young are of crucial importance in influencing not only their later educational achievements but also the health and development of society as a whole† (Weston, 1998).Friedrich Froebel had the idea that children learn best through play and by having real experiences and from these theories he was the founder of the first ever kindergarten in 1840 (Meggitt et al, 2011). Following the theory that children learn best through play, Frobel introduced toys that he called, ‘Froebel Gifts’ or ‘gaben’ which included balls, wooden blocks, rings, tiles and sticks which were all the key elements of Froebel’s kindergarten (Watson, 2002). Froebel’s ideas are very similar to those that construct the EYFS that all childcar e providers use today. Here is a table showing a summary of his ideas and how they are similar to and link with the EYFS: Froebel| EYFS| Schools should be closely involved with parents and that they should be welcome to join their children in their learning and development. â€Å"Creating the framework for partnership working between parents and professionals, andbetween all the settings that the child attends;†Section 1- Introduction- Purpose and Aims of the EYFS 1. 2 (p. 7)â€Å"Positive Relationships describes how children learn to be strong and independent from aBase of loving and secure relationships with parents and/or a key person. The commitmentsare focused around respect; partnership with parents; supporting learning; and the role of theKey person. †Section 1- Introduction- A Principled Approach 1. 11 (p. 9)Creating the Framework for Partnership Working 1. 16 (p. 10)| Parents were the first educators for their children and that childcare providers working with parents will benefit the child greatly, because they know them better than anyone. â€Å"The EYFS sets standards to enable early years providers to reflect the rich and personalisedExperience that many parents give their children at home. Like parents, providers should deliverindividualised learning, development and care that enhances the development of the children inTheir care and gives those children the best possible start in life. †Section 1- Introduction- Setting the Standards 1. 13 (p. 9)â€Å"Close working between early years practitioners and parents is vital for the identification ofChildren’s learning needs and to ensure a quick response to any area of particular difficulty. Parentsand families are central to a child’s well-being and practitioners should support this importantRelationship by sharing information and offering support for extending learning in the home. Section 1- Introduction- Creating the Framework for Partnership Working 1. 16 (p. 1 0)| Children needed to have some time indoors and outdoors to enable them to have experiences with movement, games and the study of nature outdoors. | â€Å"The physical development of babies and young children must be encouraged through theprovision of opportunities for them to be active and interactive and to improve their skills ofCoordination, control, manipulation and movement. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Physical Development 2. 15 (p. 15)â€Å"Children must be supported in developing the knowledge, skills and understanding thatHelp them to make sense of the world.Their learning must be supported through offeringopportunities for them to use a range of tools safely; encounter creatures, people, plants andobjects in their natural environments and in real-life situations; undertake practical ‘experiments’;And work with a range of materials. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Knowledge and Understanding of t he World 2. 13 (p. 14)| The introduction of finger play, singing and rhymes into education. The encouragement of arts and crafts, including literature along with a mathematical understanding. Singing songs, moving and dancing. | â€Å"Children’s creativity must be extended by the provision of support for their curiosity, exploration and play.They must be provided with opportunities to explore and share their thoughts, ideas and feelings, for example, through a variety of art, music, movement, dance, imaginative and role-play activities, mathematics, and design and technology. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Creative Development 2. 17 (p. 15)| Children should have the freedom to move around and have healthy sensible food to eat. | â€Å"The physical development of babies and young children must be encouraged through theprovision of opportunities for them to be active and interactive and to improve their skills ofCoordination, control, manipulatio n and movement. They must be supported in using all of their senses to learn about the world around them and to make connections between new information and what they already know.They must be supported in developing an understanding of the importance of physical activity and making healthy choices in relation to food. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Physical Development 2. 15 (p. 15)â€Å"Where children are provided with meals, snacks and drinks, these must be healthy, balanced andNutritious. †Section 3- The Welfare Requirements- Safeguarding and Promoting Children’s Welfare (p. 27)| The use of symbolic behaviour within a child’s play. Imaginative play was also important and children should pretend and imagine things to show their highest level of learning. | â€Å"Explores different media and responds to a variety of sensory experiences. Engages inrepresentational play. †Appendix 1- Creative Development (p. 8)â€Å"Children ’s creativity must be extended by the provision of support for their curiosity, explorationand play. They must be provided with opportunities to explore and share their thoughts, ideas and feelings, for example, through a variety of art, music, movement, dance, imaginative androle-play activities, mathematics, and design and technology. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Creative Development 2. 17 (p. 15)| The use of activities such as modelling with clay, drawing and making collages were useful in imaginative play. | â€Å"Expresses feelings and preferences in response to artwork, drama and music and makes somecomparisons and links between different pieces.Responds to own work and that of otherswhen exploring and communicating ideas, feelings and preferences through art, music, dance, role-play and imaginative play. †Appendix 1- Creative Development (p. 48)| Encouragement of playing with toys, such as wooden blocks, balls, etc. | â€Å"Finds out about and identifies the uses of everyday technology and uses information andcommunication technology and programmable toys to support her/his learning. †Appendix 1- Knowledge and Understanding of the World (p. 47)â€Å"Experiments with a range of objects and materials showing some mathematical awareness. †Appendix 1- Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy- Shape, Space and Measures (p. 47)| Children should be allowed to play freely (free-flow play). â€Å"on-going observational assessment to inform planning for each child’s continuing developmentthrough play-based activities. †Section 1- Introduction- Laying a Secure Foundation for Future Learning 1. 18 (p. 10)| (Meggitt et al, 2011) (DfCSF, 2008) Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was an Italian doctor who began her work with children with learning difficulties (Montessori, 2004). She was much more focussed on learning through being taught in a structured way, rather than the theory previously discussed of Froebel’s, learning through play (Meggitt et al, 2011). During her studies she found that Froebel’s theory was based more along the philosophical view, rather than the scientific aspect of a child’s learning and development (Montessori and Gutek, 2004).She came to the conclusion that children were active learners and that they passed through sensitive periods of development whilst being particularly responsive to certain areas of learning (Kramer, 1976). Montessori’s theories link with the EYFS because her methods provide an enabling environment for supporting the learning through the commitment of children within the care of the facility. Here is a table showing a summary of Maria Montessori’s ideas and how they link to the EYFS: * Structured teaching programme based on observing children with learning difficulties. * Challenging the difficulties by giving the child a task that they are unable to do, in the hope that they can learn to do it- re lates to EYFS Card 4. – Play and exploration * The use of ‘didactic materials’ to encourage children to use their hands. * Working alone rather than with parents, teachers, carers- this encouraged children to become ‘independent learners. * Polarisation of the attention is where the child is completely silent and focussed on what they are doing- relates to EYFS Card 4. 3- Creativity and critical thinking * Children should learn as part of a graded learning sequence and not through play. Play was allowed once children had completely their learning. * Children are active learners and should learn through role play, working with others, etc. – relates to EYFS Card 4. 2- Active learning (Meggitt et al, 2011)Margaret McMillan used ideas similar to both Froebel and Montessori. She began looking at manual dexterity exercises, similar to those used by Montessori. But as she continued her work, she used more and more of Froebel’s ideas, so they were mu ch more relative to the EYFS. Here is a table of her ideas and how they relate to the EYFS: McMillan| EYFS| First-hand experience and active learning are important. | | Relationships, ideas and feelings are just as important as physical aspects such as moving and learning. | â€Å"Children learn best when they are healthy, safe and secure, when their individual needs areMet and when they have positive relationships with the adults caring for them.The welfarerequirements are designed to support providers in creating settings which are welcoming,safe and stimulating, and where children are able to enjoy learning through play, to grow inConfidence and to fulfil their potential. †Section 3- The Welfare Requirements- Overview of the welfare requirements (p19)â€Å"Positive Relationships describes how children learn to be strong and independent from aBase of loving and secure relationships with parents and/or a key person. The commitmentsare focused around respect; partnership wit h parents; supporting learning; and the role of theKey person. †Section 1- Introduction- A Principled approach (p. 9)| Children become whole people through play and play helps them to apply their knowledge and understanding to life. â€Å"On-going observational assessment to inform planning for each child’s continuing development through play-based activities. †Section 1- Introduction- Laying a secure foundation for future learning (p. 10)â€Å"None of these areas of Learning and Development can be delivered in isolation from the others. They are equally important and depend on each other to support a rounded approach to child development. All the areas must be delivered through planned, purposeful play, with a balance of adult-led and child-initiated activities. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Overview of the learning and development requirements (p. 11)â€Å"Children’s creativity must be extended by the provision of support for their curiosity, exploration and play.They must be provided with opportunities to explore and share their thoughts, ideas and feelings, for example, through a variety of art, music, movement, dance, imaginative andRole-play activities, mathematics, and design and technology. †Section 2- The Learning and Development Requirements- Creative Development (p. 15)| Close partnership with parents is important and parents should be encouraged to develop alongside their children. | â€Å"Creating the framework for partnership working between parents and professionals, and between all the settings that the child attends. †Section 1- Introduction- Purpose and aims of the Early Years Foundation Stage 1. 2 (p. )â€Å"Positive Relationships describes how children learn to be strong and independent from aBase of loving and secure relationships with parents and/or a key person. The commitmentsare focused around respect; partnership with parents; supporting learning; and the role o f theKey person. †Section 1- Introduction- Purpose and aims of the Early Years Foundation Stage 1. 11(p. 9)| Nursery schools should be an extension of the home environment and should be welcoming to both parents and children. They should enable children to experience fresh air, trees, rock gardens, vegetables, herbs, fruit trees, sandpits, flowers, lawns and the wilderness. | â€Å"Suitable premises, environment and equipmentOutdoor and indoor spaces, furniture, equipment and toys must be safe and suitable for their purpose. Section 3- The Welfare Requirements- the general welfare requirements (p. 20)â€Å"Wherever possible, there should be access to an outdoor play area, and this is the expectedNorm for providers. In provision where outdoor play space cannot be provided, outings should be planned and taken on a daily basis (unless circumstances make this inappropriate, for example unsafe weather conditions). †Suitable premises, environment and equipment (p. 35)| Child ren cannot learn if they are undernourished, unwell with health problems or poorly looked after. | â€Å"Children learn best when they are healthy, safe and secure, when their individual needs areMet and when they have positive relationships with the adults caring for them.The welfarerequirements are designed to support providers in creating settings which are welcoming,safe and stimulating, and where children are able to enjoy learning through play, to grow inConfidence and to fulfil their potential. †Section 3- The Welfare Requirements- Overview of the welfare requirements (p. 19)| These different theorists have contributed massively to the ways that our government produces their legislation in order to maintain a safe, healthy and educational environment for children to be cared for (Taylor and Field, 2003). 1. 3 Explain why early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to learning and development â€Å"Valuing children’s individuality, ideas and feelings is an important aspect of developing a personal and individual approach to learning and development† (Meggitt et al, 2011).What we do for the children in our care must be ‘child centred’ and the child is key in all decisions made about their care and education (Sinclair, 2006). All children are different and the EYFS talks about ‘a unique child’ which highlights this point. It recognises that every child is a competent learner right from birth and that they can be resilient, confident, capable and self-assured (DfCSF, 2008). There are different categories of needs that a child may have, which are: * Universal needs- these are fundamental to all children as they are their basic needs including food, drink and shelter. If these are not being met a child will struggle to meet any urther needs, such as education (Super and Harkness, 1986). * Psychological needs- these include love, affection, stable relationships and friendships, intellectual stimulation and independence (Meggitt et al, 2011). These are vital to children as they maintain a child’s quality of life be making them feel self-worthy and loved (Harter, Waters and Whitesell, 2008). * Developmental needs- these are what the child needs in order to develop further educationally (Shelton, 1987). It can be difficult to meet the developmental needs of all children in our care, as they may be at different stages of development; therefore it is best to work as a group but to focus individually on each child (Eccles, 1999).The child’s age, intellectual abilities, emotional development, social skills, experiences, physical abilities and relationships must all be key aspects when working with children to assist with their specific developmental needs (Meggitt et al, 2011). â€Å"The EYFS states that Children are competent learners from birth and develop and learn in a wide variety of ways. All practitioners should, therefore, look carefully at the childre n in their care, consider their needs, their interests, and their stages of development and use all of this information to help plan a challenging and enjoyable experience across all the areas of Learning and Development. † (DfCSF, 2008)When working with children using the EYFS, we value a child’s individuality by considering their ability, personality feelings and ideas to enable us, as childcare workers, to provide an effective learning environment. We have to take into consideration that the rate in which children learn and develop can differ; therefore we must adjust our approaches to each individual child’s abilities. We must recognise and meet each child’s needs considering their age, physical maturity, intellectual ability, emotional development, social skills, past experiences and relationships with others. In order to meet the child’s individual needs, we must observe children in play to establish their current ability. 3. Explain the partn ership model of working with carers â€Å"The parent is a deeply important person to the child, and the relationship between parent and child is always very emotional† (Meggitt et al, 2011). As childcare providers we must develop relationships with children and babies in our care that are consistent, affectionate and warm and this must then be coherent with working in partnership with parents to provide the best quality care and education for these children (Sinclair and Grimshaw, 2006). It is important to remember that the relationships childcare providers have with the children in their care are very different to those that children have with their parents (Lamb, 1999).One of the main aims of the EYFS is to create the framework for partnership working between parents and childcare providers in order for us to identify and address the needs of the child (DfCSF, 2008). As childcare professionals we must remember that all families are different and therefore will have differen t needs and wants for themselves and their children (NCMA, 2009). Most parents will always want the best for their children but sometimes are not sure what is the best and may ask for guidance (Rosenbaum et al, 1998). The only experiences we have of family life are our own, therefore we must respect the values and methods that families have and understand that different parents bring up their children in different ways (David, 2003).Parents will often be open to suggestions from childcare professionals if they seek some guidance but we must not force them to do as we say and must respect their wishes (Curtis and O’Hagen, 2005). Parents have the right to bring their children up as they please, although we may not agree with their methods (Forehand and Nousiainen, 1993). Here are some examples of different parenting methods: * Permissive Parenting- the parents allow the child to do as they please. Childcare providers must have ground rules in place for children to maintain orde r and calm, but if the child has not been taught that they must abide by rules, this could prove very difficult for the childcare provider and other children. Authoritarian Parenting- the parents are very controlling of the behaviour of their children and children must do exactly as they say. This can be difficult for childcare providers, especially if they are asked by the parents to continue rules that are in place in the family home that the childcare provider does not agree with. * Uninvolved Parenting- the parent is neglectful of their child and allows them to be unkempt, dirty, hungry and not meet their basic needs. This is a safeguarding issue and the childcare provider must report this to the appropriate agencies. * Democratic Parenting- the parent sets clear boundaries for the child and shows them physical affection. This would be the way in which many of us will conduct the care of children. (Robinson et al, 1995)A very important part of an effective relationship and partn ership between childcare professional and parents is trust. Parents may have had previous experiences where they have been let down by somebody involved in the care of their child and therefore gained their trust is important to be able to communicate, in order to provide the best possible care and education of the child (Meggitt et al, 2011). The partnership model of working with parents and carers is therefore a mix of all the above points- respect, trust, information gathering and sharing. We can promote this by talking to parents and discussing each child’s day with parents and carers. 3. 2 Review barriers to participation for carers and explain ways in which they can be overcome.The partnership between parents and child care professionals is a viable and essential way to increase the developmental opportunities for children (Christianson, 2003). We’ve talked about the importance of partnership with parents, but this can go wrong, as there are barriers to effective partnership working. Here are some examples of barriers and how they can be overcome: * Parents can often feel guilty or sad about leaving their child and may feel like they are missing out on their child growing up. This may make them feel paranoid that others may judge them for leaving their child, especially if they leave them to enable themselves to have a break and do something for themselves. It is important to make the parent understand that what they are doing is not wrong and nothing to feel guilty about.Focus on some of the positive aspects that the child will be having whilst in a childcare setting, for example, the experiences they will have and the friends they will make. Give the parents some sources of support that will be able to help them through this emotional time. (ways2work, 2010) * Culture and language can be a barrier as our society grows to be more and more multi-cultural we come across different people from other cultures, some that may not use English as t heir first language and may not speak any English at all. This can be overcome by using translating devices such as ‘Google translate’ to communicate and also be used to translate written policies and procedures, which can be printed out and given to parents. The same can be done for newsletters, emails, letters, handover books, etc.This way, the partnership between the parent and childcare professional is not affected because the inability to communicate. (Joint Improvement Team, 2009) We must ensure that parents understand the legal requirements for our country and their rights and responsibilities. This may be different in their country and if it is not explained in the first instance, this could prove a difficult situation. * Different methods of parenting can cause barriers in partnership working as they may be clash with how the childcare provider cares for children in their setting. For example, a parent may use the permissive parenting method which can cause pro blems like the child not following rules and doing exactly what they want.If a parent uses the authoritative, this could cause problems because the parent may want the childcare provider to continue their rules from home, which they may not agree with. These can be overcome by ensuring that parents understand the ground rules, policies and procedures before their child starts attending a setting. This way, difficulties can be overcome and the parent’s wishes are respected. A parent may use the uninvolved method of parenting, which could mean children don’t understand boundaries that are set and they can become withdrawn from the rest of the children in the setting. This can be overcome by explaining to parents the importance of routines and consistency. Hubbs-tait et al, 2008) * Parents may become defensive if they are approached about something that is causing problems for their child. As childcare providers we must communicate with parents if we have any concerns abo ut children to provide the best possible care and education. This can be overcome by being open, approachable and having a friendly attitude. (McClure, 2012) 3. 3 Explain strategies to support carers who may react positively or negatively to partnership opportunities. There are a number of different ways that childcare professionals can have good partnership with parents to enable parents to choose the one that suits them best (Meggitt et al, 2011).Here is a table showing some of the ways in which childcare professionals can work in partnership with parents and the positive and negative aspects of them: Ways to work in partnership| Positive| Negative| Learning Journeys- ‘a continuous journey through which children build on all the things they have already experienced and come across new and interesting challenges. Every child’s learning journey takes a personal path based on their own individual interests, experiences and the curriculum on offer’ (Hutchin, 2007). | * Learning journeys with photos and comments are a great way to show carers all of things that their child has been doing as well as charting their progress. * We might invite the parent to come into the setting to have a look at the learning journey or we may send it home. * Parents that are not so enthusiastic about their child’s learning may not find this method very useful, as they may not want to read through the learning journey. Parents that do not have enough time may not like this method either. | Handover books- a book that goes home for parents to add to, then comes back to the setting for the childcare professionals to write in. Usually just general information about the child’s day is written in this book. | * Parents and childcare professionals are communicating regularly about the progress of the child. * Any trends in the child’s behaviour can be identified easily by just looking back through the book. If parents are in a hurry picking up or d ropping off they may not always want to have a verbal handover, therefore the handover book is much easier as the parent can read it later when they have more time. | * Parents may not find it easy to write down things about the child- may not know what to write. * Parents may not have time to write down things and a quick chat when dropping off or picking up may be quicker and easier. | Verbal handover- when parents or carers drop off or collect the child they may just want to verbally handover how the child has been or if there is anything that the childcare professional may need to know. | * Quick chat is beneficial for parents that have little time before and after work. Parents may find it easier just to have a chat rather than writing information. * Builds trust and friendship between parents and childcare professionals. | * Things are not documented therefore there is no proof that something has been said if you may need it for any problems that could possibly occur. * Inform ation may not be understood by either party. | Newsletter- a letter containing information about topics that are being covered within the setting, any special activities or trips coming up, holidays, new children starting and just general information that parents may need to know. | * Fun and informal way of communicating important information. * Parents may think it is information that is not important and may not read it. | Partnership with parents can be effective but there may be occasions where it can be particularly challenging. As a childcare professional it is important to remain positive about the situation and not give up. Information must be shared with parents by whatever means necessary, whether they reciprocate or not. 3. 4 Explain how effective multi-agency working operates within early year’s provision and benefits children and carers. When working in a caring profession we have a responsibility and a duty of care to the people we are looking after. This means that we must care for them to the best of our ability (Rostgaard and Fridberg, 1998).In order to care for children effectively we must aim to meet all of their needs. As a childcare professional we may not have the knowledge to meet each individual need of the child as it may well be out of our expertise. This is when we must call upon another professional and work together with them to help the child (Sloper, 2004). For multi-agency working to be effective, good communication skills are needed by all professionals involved (Easen, Atkins and Dyson, 2006). The information shared must be relevant and only shared on a ‘need to know’ basis to protect the confidentiality of children and their families (Richardson and Asthana, 2005).Childcare professionals must gain consent from parents regarding the information sharing between other professionals, unless there is a possibility of a child protection issue, then this can be overruled. When sharing information with other prof essionals we must be organised and professional so that we are able to give, receive and record accurate information to ensure that the child’s care is not compromised by poor information sharing (Watson, Townsley and Abbott, 2002). Multi-agency working and partnership with parents are the key factors in good quality care for children. However, partnership with parents can sometimes be difficult but as childcare professionals we must remain positive and not give up as the important thing is to ensure information is given to parents or other professionals by whatever means necessary. Eymp 1 EYMP 1 1. 1 Every child deserves the best possible start in life and the support that enables them to fulfil their potential. Children develop quickly in the early years and a child’s experiences between birth and age five have a major impact on their future life chances. A secure, safe and happy childhood is important in its own right. Good parenting and high quality early learning together provide the foundation children need to make the most of their abilities and talents as they grow up.The Early Years Foundation Stage framework sets the standards that all early years providers must meet to ensure that children learn and develop well and are kept healthy and safe. It promotes teaching and learning to ensure children’s ‘school readiness’ and gives children the broad range of knowledge and skills that provide the right foundation for good future progress through school and life. The guidance materials are used to ensure settings provide: quality and consi stency in all early years settings, so that every child makes good progress and no child gets left behind; †¢ a secure foundation through learning and development opportunities which are planned around the needs and interests of each individual child and are assessed and reviewed regularly; †¢ partnership working between practitioners and with parents and/or carers; †¢ equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice, ensuring that every child is included and supported. The EYFS framework specifies requirements for learning and development and for safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. . 2 Here is a list of different approaches: Reggio Emilia Montessori Common core Reggio Emilia The Reggio Approach gets it name from its place of origin, Reggio Emilia, a city located in Emilia Romagna in Northern Italy. After the Second World War, Loris Malaguzzi, a young teacher and the founder of this unique system, joined teams with the parents of this region to provide child care for young children. Over the last 50 years, this education system has developed into a unique program that has caught the attention of early childhood educators worldwide.Of special interest is the emphasis on childrens symbolic languages in the context of a project-oriented curriculum. The Reggio Emilia approach is made possible through a carefully articulated and collaborated approach to the care and education of young children. Here are the key points of the Reggio Emilia: Community support and parental involvement Administrative policies and organisational features Teachers as learners The role of the environment Long-term projects as vehicles for learning The hundred languages of children Community support and parental involvementTraditions of community support for families with young children comes from Italy’s cultural view of children as the collective responsibilities of the state. The parents role is the same as the community’s, at both sch ool wide and the classroom level. Parents have to take part in discussions about school policy, child development concerns and curriculum planning and evaluation. Because most parents are employed meetings are held in the evenings so that all who want to take part can do so. Administrative policies and organisational featuresA head administrator reports directly to the town council, who works with a group of curriculum team leaders, each of them coordinates the efforts of teachers from 5 or 6 centres. Each of these centres is staffed by two teacher per classroom, in which there is 12 children in infant classes, 18 in toddlers classes and 24 in pre-primary classes, one teacher trained in arts who works with classroom teachers in curriculum development and documentation and several auxiliary staff. There is no principle, and there is not a hierarchical relationship between teachers.This staffing plan along side with the policy of keeping the same group o children and teachers together for the 3 year period, facilitates the sense of community that characterises relationships between children and adults. Teachers as learners The teacher is considered a co-learner and collaborator with the child and not just an instructor. Teachers are encouraged to facilitate the child's learning by planning activities and lessons based on the child's interests, asking questions to further understanding, and actively engaging in the activities alongside the child, instead of sitting back and observing the child learning.Teachers' long-term commitment to enhancing their understanding of children is at the root of the Reggio Emilia approach. Their resistance to the American use of the term model to describe their program reflects the continuing evolution of their ideas and practices. They compensate for the meager preservice training of Italian early childhood teachers by providing extensive staff development opportunities, with goals determined by the teachers themselves. Teacher a utonomy is evident in the absence of teacher manuals, curriculum guides, or achievement tests.The lack of externally imposed mandates is joined by the imperative that teachers become skilled observers of children in order to inform their curriculum planning and implementation. When working on projects with the child, the teacher can also expand the child's learning by collecting data such as photographs, notes, videos, and conversations that can be reviewed at a later time. The role of the environment The organization of the physical environment is crucial to Reggio Emilia's early childhood program, and is often referred to as the child's â€Å"third teacher†.Major aims in the planning of new spaces and the remodeling of old ones include the integration of each classroom with the rest of the school, and the school with the surrounding community. The importance of the environment lies in the belief that children can best create meaning and make sense of their world through env ironments which support complex, varied, sustained, and changing relationships between people, the world of experience, ideas and the many ways of expressing ideas. The pre-schools tend to be filled with indoor plants and vines, and awash with natural light.Classrooms open to a central piazza, kitchens are open to view and access to the surrounding community is assured through wall sized windows, courtyards, and doors to the outside in each classroom. Long-term projects as vehicles for learning The curriculum is characterized by many features advocated by contemporary research on young children, including real-life problem-solving among peers, with numerous opportunities for creative thinking and exploration. Teachers often work on projects with small groups of children, while the rest of the class engages in a wide variety of self-selected activities typical of preschool classrooms.The projects that teachers and children engage in are different in a number of ways from those that c haracterize American teachers' conceptions of unit or thematic studies. The topic of investigation may derive directly from teacher observations of children's spontaneous play and exploration. Project topics are also selected on the basis of an academic curiosity or social concern on the part of teachers or parents, or serendipitous events that direct the attention of the children and teachers. Reggio teachers place a high value on their ability to improvise and respond to children's predisposition to enjoy the unexpected.Regardless of their origins, successful projects are those that generate a sufficient amount of interest and uncertainty to provoke children's creative thinking and problem-solving and are open to different avenues of exploration. Because curriculum decisions are based on developmental and sociocultural concerns, small groups of children of varying abilities and interests, including those with special needs, work together on projects. Projects begin with teachers o bserving and questioning children about the topic of interest.Based on children's responses, teachers introduce materials, questions, and opportunities that provoke children to further explore the topic. While some of these teacher provocations are anticipated, projects often move in unanticipated directions as a result of problems children identify. Therefore, curriculum planning and implementation revolve around open-ended and often long-term projects that are based on the reciprocal nature of teacher-directed and child-initiated activity. All of the topics of interest are given by the children.Within the project approach, children are given opportunities to make connections between prior and new knowledge while engaging in authentic tasks. The hundred languages of children As children proceed in an investigation, generating and testing their hypotheses, they are encouraged to depict their understanding through one of many symbolic languages, including drawing, sculpture, dramatic play, and writing. They work together toward the resolution of problems that arise. Teachers facilitate and then observe debates regarding the extent to which a child's drawing or other form of representation lives up to the expressed intent.Revision of drawings and of ideas is encouraged, and teachers allow children to repeat activities and modify each other's work in the collective aim of better understanding the topic. Teachers foster children's involvement in the processes of exploration and evaluation, acknowledging the importance of their evolving products as vehicles for exchange. (Source: www. reggiokids. com and Children and Young Peoples Workforce, Meggitt, Kamen, Bruce, Grenier) Maria Montessori She began her work as a doctor in one of the poorest areas in Rome, in the beginning of the 1900s.She worked with children with learning difficulties. She spend hours observing children. This is one of the strengths of her work. Her conclusion, which is now supported by modern re search that children pass through sensitive periods of development when they are particularly receptive to particular areas of learning. She saw children as active learners, just like Piaget. Here is a summary of Montessori’s ideas: She put together a structured teaching programme, which she based on her observations of children with learning difficulties. The work of an educator called Seguin, was also used by Maria Montessori.He had given manual dexterity exercises to children with physical disabilities. He done this as he believed that if they could learn to use their hands, they would then be able to get a job later on in life She designed a set of didactic materials, as she called them, which encouraged children to use their hands. She stressed the importance that children should work alone. She thought that this would help them become independent learners. For Montessori the highest point of a child’s learning is what she like to call the polarisation of the atte ntion.Montessori didn’t see the point in play, didn’t encourage children’s own ideas, until they had worked through all her graded learning sequence. Montessori has had more impact and influence on private schools than on the maintained sector of education. Common Core The Common Core of Skills and Knowledge for the children's workforce – often referred to as the Common Core – sets out the basic skills and knowledge needed by people whose work (paid or voluntary) brings them into regular contact with children, young people and families. It supports integrated working by contributing to the use of a common language.The skills and knowledge included in the Common Core have been divided into six key areas: Effective communication and encouragement with children, young people and families. Children and young people development. Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the child. Supporting transitions Multi-agency working Sharing information It aims t o promote quality, respect diversity and challenge stereotypes, helping to improve the life chances of all children and young people. Also providing more effective and integrated services. At the same time it cknowledges the rights of children and young people, and the role of parents, carers and families. (Source: http://webarchive. nationalarchives. gov. uk and Children and Young Peoples Workforce, Meggitt, Kamen, Bruce, Grenier) 1. 3 Early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to learning and development because valuing children’s individuality, ideas and feelings is an important aspect in developing. It is necessary to meet the universal needs of all children, these are physical and biological needs such as food, drink, and shelter which are essential to survival.There is also psychological needs such as love, affection, secure and stable relationships, friendships intellectual stimulation, and independence. These are essential to maintain the indi viduals quality of life. A child’s needs vary from child to child as each child is an individual and not any two are the same. It can be difficult to meet the needs of children in child care settings when they are grouped together according to age. Some children will have developmental needs which are in line with the expected â€Å"norm† for their chronological age, whereas others will have needs which are characteristic of much older or younger children.Once recognised, the child’s needs can then be met. When doing this it is important to consider each childs age, physical maturity, intellectual abilities, emotional development, social skills, past experiences and relationships. 3. 2 Here is a list of barriers to participation for parents and carers: Concerns about welfare, development and learning of a child Parents becoming angry or upset Parents and carers with other priorities Parents and carers having prejudicial attitudes Differences in rules and expecta tionsThis can be overcome by talking to the parent or carer in a way that shows concern for the child, and not criticising the parent or carer. The conversation can also be held in a private and confidential space, with a clear focus on the childs best interests. This can be overcome by staying calm and talking calmly offering some where private to talk. 3. 3 As carers are individuals there is no one way to have a partnership with parents/carers, there needs to be a whole range of ways for parents to access partnerships in order for them to find the one that is most suitable for them.These may include diaries to communicate between home and the setting, meetings within in the setting, workshops run by the setting, open days and parents evenings. 3. 4. Multi agency working helps the different services and professionals to join together to prevent problems occurring in the first place. This means that practitioners can work with parents and carers to help them access and organise the different services and provisions that may be helpful to them.